November 6, 2010

topkapi palace, topkapi museum, ottomans, ottoman, istanbul

The Topkapı Palace ( Turkish: Topkapı Sarayı ) or in Ottoman Turkish: طوپقپو سرايى, usually spelled  “ Topkapi ”  in English ) is a palace in Istanbul, Turkey, which was the official and primary residence in the city of the Ottoman Sultans for 400 years of their 624-year reign, from 1465 to 1856.

The palace was a setting for state occasions and royal entertainments and is a major tourist attraction today, containing the most holy relics of the Muslim world such as the Prophet Muhammed’s cloak and sword. Topkapı Palace is among those monuments belonging to the “Historic Areas of Istanbul”, which became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, and is described in Criterion iv as “ the best example(s) of ensembles of palaces of the Ottoman period.”

Initial construction began in 1459, ordered by Sultan Mehmed II, the conqueror of Byzantine Constantinople. The palace is a complex made up of four main courtyards and many smaller buildings. At the height of its existence as a royal residence, the palace was home to as many as 4,000 people, formerly covering a larger area with a long shoreline. The complex has been expanded over the centuries, with many renovations such as after the 1509 earthquake and 1665 fire. It held mosques, a hospital, bakeries, and a mint. The name directly translates as “Cannon gate Palace”, from the palace being named after a nearby, now destroyed, gate.

Topkapı Palace gradually lost its importance at the end of the 17th century,

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• Description of Words
• Calakmul Mayan ruins-Campeche, Mexico
• Tulum Ruins, Mexico
• Maya Civilization

October 30, 2010

The Aztecs did not have a professional army, but they were professional military officers. When a child is born his umbilical cord was cut and dried, and then buried in a battlefield, which means that his life would be dedicated to war. Each child is valid trained to fight. The soldiers were ordinary people.

An essential part of everyday life of the Aztecs was the war. All men capable of the body have been trained to be warriors. In preparation for the boys learned about adult life fighting and weapons at school. To fight the battle was considered a duty and an honor. Warriors helped teach calmecac. The warriors have taken students to the war and taught him how to make a prisoner in captivity. A boy became a man after winning his first prisoner.

Aztec courage and strength helped them to rebuild the empire and settle in the fiercest of all tribes in the valley of Mexico. They easily defeated the attacks by neighboring tribes. Declarations of war have been welcomed with joy, we have seen in the Aztec warriors as the time to show their skills in battle. Soldiers dressed in costumes designed to scare enemies, such as the Jaguar warriors, who used the ocelot skins and eagle warriors, who took a helmet-shaped beak bird of prey.

The troops were wearing ordinary clothes decorated with motifs and symbols of the war was feathers and leather. Site chosen for the battle and the armies met. The battles began when the shouts and insults were shouted, and conch trumpets and drums was good. Then the fighting began. The battle was usually short and ended with the weaker party to surrender and take prisoners.

The plan was to prevent an opponent, striking the leg so that it can be easily captured. This battle has left very little accidents. After the battle, the enemies of the city was ransacked and people were caught. The prisoners were trophies of war itself, because they were accustomed to sacrifice religious holidays. The soldiers sometimes demanded the right to death when they were caught. Military part of the family and was treated like a boy, until it was time for him to be sacrificed.

Aztec eagle and jaguar warriors were members of the aristocracy. Develop their costumes were worn to show the user the power and importance of Aztec society. skin of the warrior’s shield or wood was decorated with colorful feathers. Below are a warrior shield hanging leather belts to protect their feet. Their wooden sticks were lined with very sharp blades of obsidian. Thong like pulses of the club.

The Aztecs and their enemies using spears, slingshots, bows and arrows to fight at close range. sharp blades carved from obsidian and weapons mounted. fresh obsidian blade was sharper than Spanish steel swords. But the obsidian blades just lost their lead and break easily. The Spanish used steel swords, guns and cannons, which can take many Aztecs at a time. Aztecs members wearing armor and wooden shields used for protection. The Spanish armor was better to fight in Europe, the Aztecs’  light armor sometimes replace their hot and heavy metal armor.

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October 25, 2010

When it comes to the rich historic heritage of the Southwest and the influence it has on the types of jewelry, there are varied designs. The historic heritage of Albuquerque has something to contribute to the jewelry designs that are the most popular today in the Southwest. When you consider the historic significance of Albuquerque jewelry in the trading center background of the town that was founded in 1706, you can see why it became a major trading center for the Native Americans, Spaniards and the African, Asian and Anglo influence is evident. As a major crossroads of the Southwest, there are influences that are evident in the food, architecture, art and Albuquerque jewelry styles you see today.

Of course, when you are traveling the Southwest, the one thing you will notice about Albuquerque jewelry is that the prices are more competitive than the pricey metropolitan center of Santa Fe and the prices on Albuquerque jewelry are more suited to the mixed variety of people that love the historic heritage and trading center background of Albuquerque. It’s not unusual to find all kinds of Native American jewelry craftsmanship in jewelry stores alongside highest quality designer diamonds, such as Varna, ArtCarved, Princess of Hearts, Scott Kay, GemEast, HeartStar and Diana, Sholdt or Mark Schneider.

In fact, these designer names are the same as you will find in the highest quality jewelry stores on Fifth Avenue or Rodeo Drive, but Albuquerque jewelry offers more affordable pricing and it isn’t unusual to find many couples from Santa Fe making the jaunt to Albuquerque jewelry stores because the pricing is more affordable, while the quality of the diamonds and jewelry designs is as good and might be better. It is this rich historic heritage and trading center background that has made Albuquerque one of the top destinations for some of the designer jewelry that is most sought after, including modern top designers, like ELLE, Pandora and Nicole Barr.

When you consider the price advantages that are offered by making a trip to the area, there are many people that still consider it the crossroads of the Southwest and many newly engaged couples will come to the town from hundreds of miles in search of the perfect Albuquerque jewelry and diamonds to commemorate their love or mark a special occasion. In fact, there are some of the jewelry stores and shops that are moving from Santa Fe to be part of the heritage of this historic town on the banks of the Rio Grande.

While the food and ethnic variety of shopping are reasons that people love visiting Albuquerque, the historic heritage of this lively Southwest trading center offers Native American dances, jewelry and pottery, and many modern Albuquerque jewelry designs and diamond choices that rival those found in New York or Los Angeles, but at prices that are more conservative.

When looking for one of the Southwest’s most popular towns with ethnic heritage and historic significance, Albuquerque remains a popular trading post town and the historic heritage mixes the finest top-quality diamonds with jewelry by modern top designers that can be found in the Albuquerque jewelry stores, like Butterfield Jewelers on San Pedro NE in Albuquerque.

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• Description of Words
• Kiyomizu Temple – ( Kiyomizu dera ) Kyoto, Japan
• Topkapi Palace, Istanbul
• Tulum Ruins, Mexico