February 20, 2011

Becán, Becán Mayan, Becan Mayan, Becan Mayan Mexico

Becán was “discovered” by archaeologists Karl Ruppert and John Denison in 1934. The name, meaning ditch, has been given by Ruppert and Denison Becán which was named after the prominent system of moats that surround important parts of the site. The ancient Mayan name is not known. From 1969 to 1971 archaeological excavations were conducted in Becán sponsored by Tulane University and the National Geographic Society.

When we visited the ruins in 1992, we noted above white pyramids peering jungle. Nobody was there to take our same entrance fee. There is now a small Pueblo ruins and have a proper entrance area, bathrooms and parking. Currently, visitors can go up to 20 major structures on the squares and terraces spread over three hectares. The main part of Becán is surrounded by a moat, and there are remnants of a wall in some places almost 11 feet high. Excavation of ditches and construction of protective walls is very rare in the Mayan civilization. This artificial divide is a little over 2 km long and was excavated in the late pre-classic between 100 and 250 AD This trench is one of the oldest known defensive systems in Mexico.

Becan capital was a political, economic and religious of the province now known as Rio Bec sites Xpuhil, Chicanna, Puerto Roci, Okolhuitz, Channa and Ramonal belong. E ’strategically located at the base of the Yucatan Peninsula on the route connecting the river and the south-west of the lagoon of Campeche, on whose territory the Bay of Chetumal. Pete area sites have been found south of Becan. And north of the (wells) Chenes settlements in the north-east of Campeche, with whom Becan has also had relationships with.

The earliest archaeological evidence Becan year 550 BC, a period in which the Olmec culture was in decline in places such as La Venta in Tabasco. Apogee is Becan, which is reflected in the construction of the tip, and a population density occurred bewteen 600 and 800 AD Becan rejected around 1200 AD

Becán located just outside of Quintana Roo, Campeche state line, 6 km west of the city Xphil. The trip to Becán is marked by a highway sign, and the archaeological zone is located 500 meters north of the highway. Because of the importance for the region Becán Rio Bec is a significant loss to see by visiting the region. Becán is approximately 3.5 hours from Tulum, driving south on Highway 307 West on the 186th

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February 19, 2011

Chicanná, Chicanná Mayan, mayan, maya, mexico mayan, mexico Chicanná Mayan

Creation and rediscovery

Chicanna erected in the northern Yucatan Peninsula. It used to be built to a height little to prevent the physical structures of various working groups and local precincts to perform ritual ceremonies. Chicanna discovered and named Jack D. Eaton in 1966 during the investigation before the official start of National Geographic / Tulane University Archaeological Research, whose center is Becan. The site takes its name from the time of its discovery and no doubt refers to the facade of the structure II: who’s mouth – oh, a snake – home Na, inversion, refers to the mouth of the Snake House.

Chicanna and its nearby neighbor, Becan

Both cities were built by the Maya during the same period, around AD 600 to 830th, but the architecture of the two sites are very different. Because of its size and rich ornamentation of buildings Chicanná not been considered an elitist little Becan center, which is like a residential area, the leaders of the former regional capital.

Business and occupation

Chicanna was an important trade links with other settlements in the proof of the presence of non-local website, which contain objects highlands of Guatemala and Honduras. Probably many of these products have been Becan and distributed. Evidence of occupation of the Late Preclassic. Chicanna the latest phases of activity have been dated at Early Post Classic.

Rio Bec region

Chicanna is one of 45 located in the Rio Bec region. This category refers to the shape and decoration of buildings, which together form the architecture. Thus, it is common to find the presence of elongated buildings bordered by narrow towers with rounded corners, as well as a huge entertainment Itzamna, the chief god of the Maya pantheon, also known as Monster East exhibited lower construction costs.

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copan mayan, pacal mayan, maya mayan

Located at the foot of the mountains of Chiapas Tumbalá Mexico, Palenque is situated on the edge of a swampy plain sight always extend to the north coast of the Gulf. Perhaps this position is between two worlds, which gives Palenque a mystical charm that enchants scientist and tourists. Vista is the plain to the north and the lush green misty mountains in the background, to the south, capturing the imagination of visitors today, and certainly inspired by the ancient artists and architects.

This ancient Mayan site is located on the western border of the Maya lowlands. While the name comes from Palenque, a town near, it is possible that the people bearing the name of the old city or something similar – Bahlam family – sun jaguar – the place where the sun sets the underworld, the realm of the jaguar .

It was the floodplain of the Usumacinta northern residents more likely to Palenque provided the resources to build their great city. Equipped with the highest average rainfall in Mexico, this fertile flood plain could be grown successfully in raised beds, and have produced a crop that can not only maintain a large workforce, but also provide a flow that could be traded along the great Usumacinta. It seems that the gods also pleased to Palenque as today’s visitors.

Architecture

The architecture of Palenque was truly inventive. Have reduced the considerable weight of the traditional wing of the reduction of its duration with a separation wall and the use of hollow tribolated that minimize stress on the walls. This allowed the builders of Palenque, the construction of buildings with multiple doors and pillars in the front to let in air and light. mansard roof decorated with stucco carvings and moldings, given the horizontal structure of Palenque a nice linear aspect.

The most notable structures of Palenque Palace (A) and the Temple of Inscriptions (B) both started in the reign Hanabi Pacal and completed by his son, Chan Kan Bahlum and XUL. Also built in life Pacal was the temple, now called “Temple of the Count” by artist / adventurer Count Waldek who camped in the temple in 1831 when creating imaginative illustrations of the site.

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Stop west of the main square is the first temple built by Pacal, known as Temple Olvidados (H). Here you can see the first attempts of many architectural elements found in later construction, the vaults and tribolated inside the double wall with a thin support.

Other structures Temple XIII, Palenque is situated next to a temple marking. In 1994, the secret door was found that led to the interior of the pyramid and the underground temple has three bedrooms. In the middle of the room was still a woman of stone coffin, archaeologists have called the “Red Queen”, because it was covered with cinnabar. No marking to clearly identify the real person. In June 1997, DNA tests were conducted to determine the skeleton Pascal, his relationship with this unknown woman. The results have yet been published.

Temple XII

Also on the same hill is the Temple XII, the first structure visitors see as they enter the site. It is also known as the Temple of the Skull and Temple of the Dead Moon. During 1992-1994 more than 500 objects have been unearthed from the temple. Temple XIV with Temple of the Sun. The temple is in bad condition, but a relief to meet other in-group is against the back wall.

The northern group

The northern group consists of four temples, adapted from a terrace artificially leveled. Most notable is the small structure with a pagoda roof type that inspired some of the early explorers to connect the site with the East.

The ball game is just north of the palace and its remains are still intact. There is a natural pool just below a waterfall on the river Otulum, known as the Bath of the Queen, and is still used as a bathing place.

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May 13, 2010

Mayan civilization is one of America pre-Columbian civilization. The Mayan civilization of Central America as a civilization thousands of years in the southeast of Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala in an area extending ruled.  Mexico’s southeastern five-state founded by Maya (Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Yucatán), the dates for hundreds polish have produced and polish some of today still spoken 21-44 Maya language formation has provided. BC this civilization 600 due to the rise in the past, Anno Domini 3. century to the golden age (the classical period, AD 250-900) was a step, the political turmoil of the city-state has collapsed as a result of MS 900, until the existence of a large area and at the end of Spanish occupation was in the process. , if the Mayan civilization ended in many ways, contrary to common belief, is not no Mayans still live in this country and some of the Mayan languages are spoken.

“Ancient Maya” s (Maya point compared to today’s descendants used phrase), astronomy, mathematics, architecture and art at such an advanced level of civilization in many areas, they are. Rabinal Achim, Popol-Vuh, the Mayan Chilam Balam in such works of literature depicting the life of this culture is. 1697 Spanish occupation of the capital of the Mayan Itza Tayasal’ın  and the capital of Guatemala’s Mayan Ko’woj Zacpetén’in completed by taking the last Maya state of the capital in 1901 (Chan Santa Cruz)  has disappeared with the invasion by Mexico.

It is divided into three regions of the yeast home: South of the “Upper Lands” ı south (or the middle) “The Lands” and the north of the “Lower Lands” ı. “Upper Land” in Guatemala and Chiapas territory includes a high-altitude level. The lands south of the above “Land” takes place just north of Mexico Petén’i (Campeche), Quintana Roo’yu, northern Guatemala, Belize and El Salvador covers. Norton’s “The Land” the Yucatan   Peninsula and the rest covers Puuc expand hill.

Classic-month period from the extraordinary structures built and Nakbé, Mirador, San Bartolo, mercury, such as large cities have set up the Mayan classic period, they set up the famous city of some of Tikal, Quiriguá (both World Heritage List was taken) , Palenque, Copán, Río Azul, Calakmul, Ceibal, Cancuén, Machaquilá, Dos Pilas, Uaxactún, Altun Ha, Negras’tır Piedras. Religious center of Maya civilization in the most interesting monuments are the pyramids. The administrator of the palace, decorated with wall paintings and plaster houses of noble people among the interesting monuments are located. One of the interesting work in Maya, they operate with master stone sculpture, manager of the genealogy, military victories have been described, by Maya tetum (“tree-stones”), called monumental obelisks. Jade trade between the goods of yeast, cocoa, corn, salt, and obsidian stone can be considered. Yeast, such as front-Turks gave special importance to the jade stone.

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March 25, 2010

Caracol or El Caracol is the name given to a large ancient Maya archaeological site, located in what is now the Cayo District of Belize. It is situated approximately 25 miles south of Xunantunich  and the town of San Ignacio Cayo, at an elevation of 1500 feet (460 m) above sea-level, in the foothills of the Maya Mountains. The site was the most important political centre of Lowland Maya during the Classic Period within Belize.

Discovery

The site was first reported by a native logger named Rosa Mai, who came across its remains in 1937 while searching for mahogany hardwood trees to exploit. Mai later reported the site to the archaeological commission for British Honduras, as the British colony, later to become independent Belize, was known at the time. In 1938 the archaeological commissioner, A.H. Anderson, visited the site along with a colleague H.B. Jex, spending two weeks in preliminary surveys and noting a number of carved monuments, stelae and Maya inscriptions. It was Anderson who gave the site its name —from the Spanish: caracol “snail, shell”, but more generally meaning spiral- or volute-shaped— apparently on account of the winding access road that led to the site.[1]

History

Ancient Caracol as a site was occupied as early as 1200 BCE. Its greatest period of construction was in the Maya Classic period, with over 40 monuments dated between 485CE to 889CE which record the dynastic sequence of the rulers. All are in Classic Choltian, the prestige tongue of the Lowland Maya. Its real name is provisionally translated from its glyph, as of 2003, ox witz ha (hispanicised, “Oxhuitza”) or “place of three hills”; K’antumaak is also possible.[2]

The town grew into one of the largest ancient Maya cities, covering some 65 square miles (168 km²) with an estimated peak population of about 120,000, or possibly as many as 180,000 people.

Caracol was at first a client of Mutal (at the Tikal site) 70 km to the northwest. Mutal’s influence weakened during the mid sixth century; losing control of Naranjo, between the two cities, to rival Calakmul. In 553 CE Mutal’s king Double Bird appointed a new lord over Caracol in attempt to outflank Naranjo. But then Caracol also allied itself with Calakmul. Three years later, Tikal declared an “axe war” against Caracol – “a war with intent to destroy” – and defeated it; but not, it turned out, decisively. In 562, Lord Kan (“Water”) I of Caracol, alongside Calakmul, declared a “star war” against Mutal – a holy war, planned in accordance with astrology – and captured and sacrificed Double Bird. This event is seemingly concurrent with archaeological and epigraphic evidence indicating the beginning of the Tikal Mid-Classic Hiatus, when an apparent decline in the Tikal site’s population, a cessation of monument building, and the destruction of certain monuments in the Great Plaza occurred as Caracol’s population and urban development seemingly skyrocketed.[4] After that, the Tikal site took on cultural characteristics of Caracol.

Lord Kan I passed on his throne to the eldest of two brothers 26 June, 599. His younger brother succeeded him 9 March 618 and took the name Lord Kan II. He performed a ritual of alliance in Calakmul’s territory the following January.

Caracol’s sometime ally Naranjo by this time had meanwhile made feelers toward Mutal. So, in 28 May 626, Lord Kan II pre-emptively attacked Naranjo. He attacked again 4 May 627, and sacrificed its king. This destabilised Naranjo, provoking a third attack 27 December 631. He did it a fourth time 4 March 636. On 24 November 637, he capped it off by celebrating his first katun of reign at Naranjo itself; and, on 6 December 642, he imposed the Hieroglyphic Stairs monument upon it.

In 682, Tok-Chan-K’awil of the Tikal royal family-in-exile at Dos Pilas installed his daughter as queen in Naranjo, removing it again from Caracol’s demesne. In 800 CE, Hok K’awil captured the lord of Ucanal. The last recorded date in Caracol (and Choltian-speaking Belize) is 859 CE, on Stele 10.

Excavations, investigations, and modern development

The site was first noted and documented in archaeological terms in 1937. More extensive explorations and documention of the site was undertaken by Linton Satterthwaite of the University of Pennsylvania in 1951 and 1953. A project of archaeological excavations and restorations of the ancient structures at Caracol started in 1985 and is ongoing. The project is currently directed by Drs. Arlen and Diane Chase of the University of Central Florida in Orlando. The site is maintained by residential wardens from the Belize Institute of Archaeology, a sub-division of the National Institute of Culture and History, a government-run agency.

The site currently accommodates an average of 15-20 tourists per day, with greater numbers during the peak season around Easter. A museum to hold the large monuments found at the site is currently being constructed. A visitor center is already at the site, and recent developments include new directional and informational signs and a house for the residential staff.

The only road Caracol may be accessed by is paved for the last ten miles and leads to the Western Highway between San Ignacio and Belmopan and to Santa Elena.

Caana (“sky-palace”) is the largest building at Caracol. It remains one of the largest man-made structures in Belize.

Other area sites

Other Mayan sites within the Cayo province include Xunantunich, Cahal Pech and Chaa Creek.

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